1. Early Times (1000 BCE - 1900) 2. Establishment of Israel (1880 - 1947) 3. The New State (1947 - 1973) 4. Peace with the Arabs? (1977 - 2000) 5. Post-Oslo Era (2000 - today)

The History of Israel - Time Line

	1. Early Times (1000 BCE - 1900)
	King David 1000 BCE		David rules Judea, first united kingdom in the area, from Jerusalem.
	King Solomon dies, kingdom divided into Judea (south) and Israel (north).		Divided Kingdom 931 BCE
	Assyrians 722 BCE		The Assyrians invade and destroy the northern Kingdom of Israel.
	The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem, destroy the first temple and exile influential Jews to Babylon.		Babylonians 586 BCE
	Persians 538 BCE		The Persians defeat the Babylonians, allow Jews to return to Jerusalem.
	Alexander the Great destroys the Persian Empire, conquers Judea.		Greeks 332 BCE
	Maccabees 142 BCE		The Maccabees revolt against the Greeks, Judea once again independent Jewish state.
	The Romans conquer Greek Empire including Judea, Jews granted some measure of autonomy.		Romans 63 BCE
	Herod the Great 37 BCE		Herod The Great administers the Roman province of Judea.
	Titus quashes yet another Jewish rebellion, Jerusalem reduced to rubble.		Destruction of Jerusalem 70 AD
	Bar Kochva Revolt 135		Bar Kochva Revolt, many Jews deported or killed by Romans, Judea renamed to "Palaestina".
	Byzantine Era, Roman Emperor Constantine makes Christianity official religion of entire empire.		Byzantine Era 313
	Persians Return 629		Persians retake Jerusalem, Byzantine emperor defeats Persians, kills Jews, burns synagogues.
	Arab Caliph Omar invades Jerusalem, builds Al-Aqsa mosque on ruins of Jewish temple.		Arab Rule 638
	Fatimids 969		Jerusalem conquered by Cairo-based Fatimid dynasty.
	Fatimids ejected by the Seljuk Turks, end of Arab dominance.		Seljuk Turks 1071
	Crusaders 1099		The Crusaders conquer Jerusalem, massacre many Jews and Muslims.
	Kurdish general Saladin, ruler of Egypt and Syria, captures Jerusalem.		Saladin 1187
	Mamelukes 1291		Mamelukes take over Egypt, eject last Crusa- ders from the Holy Land.
	Ottoman Turks take Cairo, rule entire Middle East from Constantinople (Istanbul) for 400 years.		Ottoman Empire 1517-1917
	2. The Establishment of Israel (1880 - 1947)
	First Aliyah 1880		First major wave of European Jews immigrate to Palestine.
	First Zionist Congress in Basel found World Zionist Organization chaired by Theodor Herzl.		First Zionist Congress 1897
	Second Aliyah 1904-14		Second wave of Jewish immigration from eastern Europe.
	British government issues the Balfour Declaration pro- mising a "Jewish National Home" in Palestine.		Balfour Declaration 1917
	British Invasion 1917		The British General Allenby conquers Jerusalem.
	Establishment of the man- dates for Syria, Mesopota- mia (Iraq) and Palestine.		Mandates Established 1920
	Arab Nationalism Awakens 1920		Jewish-Arab cooperation breaks down, Arab nationalists turn their attention to Jerusalem.
	Arab rioters attack Jewish population in Jerusalem, April 1920.		First Arab Riots 1920
	First Jewish Elections 1920		First elections to Jewish parliament, "Knesset" take place in April 1920.
	In May 1921 Arab Nationalists attack Jews in Jaffa, violence spreads throughout Palestine.		More Arab Riots 1921
	League of Nations Approves Mandates 1922		Mandate for Palestine, Jewish national home con- firmed by predecessor to UN, League of Nations.
	Transjordan is severed from Palestine, 3/4 of mandate's area excluded from poten- tial Jewish homeland.		Transjordan 1922
	Arabs Reject Power Sharing with Jews 1922-23		British attempts at estab- lishing Jewish-Arab power sharing in Palestine fail due to Arab rejection.
	The Hebrew University founded at Mount Scopus, east of Jerusalem, Juni 1925		Hebrew University 1925
	Jews Responsible for Own Affairs 1927		Knesset authorized to collect taxes from Jewish community. Responsible for education, health, welfare.
	Jewish communities all over Palestine under attack. Hebron Jews massacred.		Renewed Arab Attacks 1929
	Britain Limits Jewish Immigration 1931		Britain tightens rules for Jewish immigration in reaction to Arab violence.
	Hitler's rise to power in Germany results in a spike in Jewish emigration from Europe		Jewish Immigration Increases 1933
	Palestine Arab Party Founded 1935		Al-Husseini clan founds Palestine Arab Party, and armed militia, "al-Futuwwa" to fight Jews and British.
	Arabs mount general strike, attack Jews all over Palestine. Jewish defense partly effective.		The Arab Revolt 1936
	The Peel Plan 1937		Arabs reject British Peel Commission's plan to create Jewish state in 20% of Palestine, Arab in 80%.
	Arab-Nazi cooperation, Germany supplies weapons for Palestinian Arab's fight against Jews.		Arab-Nazi Alliance 1937
	The Arab Revolt Resumes 1937		Attacks on Jewish civilians reach new high. Jews stage counterattacks against Arab guerrillas.
	Britain proposes plan unacceptable to Jews, then abandons Jewish National Home altogether.		Jewish National Home in Peril 1938-39
	Palestine in World War II 1939-45		Jews allied with Britain during war, Palestinian Arabs side with Nazi- Germany.
	Despite Jewish war effort, Britain blocks refugees from entering Palestine. Jewish sabotage against British.		Jewish Refugees from Europe 1945-48
	UN Partition Plan 1947		The UN decides to partition Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state. Jews accept, Arabs reject the plan.
	3. The New State (1947 - 1973)
	Arabs attack Jewish commu- nities all over Palestine. Civil war breaks out, many Arabs flee ahead of Arab invasion.		Civil War in Palestine 1947-48
	Israel's Independence War 1948		Israel attacked by armies of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. Cease- fire agreed in spring 1949.
	More than 700.000 Arabs flee new State of Israel. Almost as many Jews flee to Israel fromArab countries.		Arab and Jewish Refugees 1948-53
	Borderskirmishes 1950-55		Egypt and Jordan support guerrilla attacks into Israel from Gaza and West Bank. Israel rutinely retaliates.
	Egypt's blockade of the Red Sea and nationalization of the Suez Canal spurs an international crisis. Israel invades Gaza and the Sinai.		Sinai Crisis 1956
	The PLO Established 1964		The PLO is founded in order to "liberate" Palestine from the Zionists.
	Arab forces build up all around Israel threatening to attack. Israel strikes first, defeats Egypt, Jordan and Syria in six days.		Six Day War 1967
	UN Resolution 242 1967		UN calls for negotiated solution, Arabs reject negotiations, recognition, peace with Israel.
	Egypt shells Israeli forces in Sinai, who respond with air and commando raids.		War of Attrition 1967-70
	PLO and International Terrorism 1970-72		PLO attacks Israelis and Jewish civilians all over the world.
	Egypt and Syria initiate coordinated surprise attack on two fronts, Israel repels invaders.		Yom Kippur War 1973
	4. Peace with the Arabs? (1977 - 2000)
	Peace with Egypt 1979		Egypt and Israel sign peace deal, Israel withdraws from demilitarized Sinai.
	After years of attacks from Lebanon, Israel invades and ejects PLO.		The Lebanon War 1982
	First "Intifada" 1987-91		Riots brake out in Gaza and West Bank. Israel tries to suppress the uprising. There are many losses.
	PLO supports Iraq as it invades Kuwait, launches rockets at Israel, which re- frains from retaliating.		The Gulf War 1991
	Madrid Conference 1991		Israel and its Arab neighbors meet in Madrid and later in Washington with limited results.
	A breakthrough is made between Israel and PLO. A peace process is launched.		The Oslo Process 1993
	Palestinian Authority 1994		Palestinian Authority assu- mes power over some areas in Gaza and West Bank.
	Jordan becomes the second Arab country to make peace with Israel.		Peace with Jordan 1994
	Oslo II Agreement 1995		Israel hands over further terriroty to the Palestinian Authority.
	Israel's prime minister Yitzhak Rabin is shot by radical, Orthodox Jew.		Murder of Rabin 1995
	Hebron, Wye River and Sharm el-Sheikh 1997-1999		Several additional accords are signed. Peace process continues at slow pace.
	Israel pulls out all troops from Lebanon, ending 22 years of military presence.		Israel Leaves Lebanon 2000
	Oslo Process in Difficulty 2000		Israel refuses to implement withdrawals citing Palestini- an failure to honor agree- ments.
	Israel makes offer to Palestinians, who reject it, make no counteroffer and leave negotiations.		Camp David, Breakdown of the Peace Process 2000
	5. The Post-Oslo Era (2000 - today)
	The Second Intifada 2000		Palestinians launch wave of suicide bombs and other attacks on Israelis at an unprecedented level.
	Israel reinvades most major Palestinian cities on West Bank in order to destroy terrorist infrastructure.		Operation "Defensive Shield" 2002
	Israel's Security Barrier 2002		Israel constructs barrier on West Bank preventing suicide bombers from reach- ing Israeli civilians.
	World's major powers sponsor phased peace plan. Phase one is never implemented.		"The Roadmap for Peace" 2003
	Withdrawal from Gaza 2005		Israel unilaterally withdraws from Gaza Strip, evacuating 8000 Jewish settlers.
	Hamas wins Palestinian parliamentary elections, attempts to share power with Fatah.		Hamas Assumes Power 2006
	The Second Lebanon War 2006		Hizbollah attack on Israeli soldiers and civilians leads to major one-month military operation by Israel.
	Heavy internal fighting among Palestinians. Hamas ousts Fatah from power in Gaza in violent coup.		Hamas' Takeover of Gaza 2007
	The Gaza War 2008-09		Increasing rocket attacks from Gaza on Israel's civilian population spurs military offensive against Hamas' positions in the strip.

Chapter 5 in the Chronological Presentation, covering the events of the Post-Oslo Era (the period from September 2000 until today) is under development.

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